These costs are estimated at 51 million euros. So says a letter sent by the National Federation of the commercial aviation (fname) – which includes trade unions of air transport – the Department of Ecology.This letter was sent "early August," said Jean-Pierre Le Goff, the delegate general of the fname, who came on Saturday to confirm the information Parisien / Today in France.

French companies demanding repayment of 51 million euros. Such government action "is important to recognize the exceptional mobilization of air carriers and their contributions, and is also economically important for companies still in the midst of the crisis," said the official.

For now, no reply to that letter, the next team of Jean-Louis Borloo. As Secretary of State for Transport, it was confirmed that the case "is under investigation.FNAM said, she expected to return "next week".

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"It does not happen much on the markets, who are eagerly awaiting the unemployment figures of the United States, says it in the rooms. Is a very important day. Nobody wants to get new paris before this indicator. Investors prefer to wait and see what is the recovery. "He added: "If the numbers are bad, I think the markets will fall heavily and not only Friday, but next week."

Pending the U.S. unemployment

Despite a slight decline as unexpected new listings weekly unemployment across the Atlantic on Thursday, the Labor Department is expected to announce this afternoon an increase in unemployment to 9.6%."The GDP is not growing fast enough to create hundreds of thousands of new jobs needed each month to reduce employment at its level before the crisis," said Christina Romer Thursday, who will leave at the end of the week his position as economic advisor of President Barack Obama.

Also across the Atlantic in 16 hours, the ISM index of activity in services for the month of August and a speech from Fed chairman in Atlanta, Dennis Lockhart on current economic conditions are also scheduled .

For the euro area, will be published PMI composite and services for the month of August (10:00) and retail sales for the month of July (11:00) faxless payday advance.

The meeting will be much calmer on the microeconomic front, in the absence of publications, the wave of results for this quarter coming to an end the Paris Bourse.

Values follow

Investors monitor the value of France Telecom, however. The chief operator, Stéphane Richard, told Reuters on Thursday on the sidelines of the MEDEF Summer University he was confident in the outcome of discussions with Canal + on the fusion of TV Orange Cinema Series and TPS Star. It will also try to convince the government not to raise VAT on offers "triple play".

Air France plans to create a structure "low cost" for medium-haul routes, especially between Orly and the province to counter the offensive of the British low cost airline EasyJet.

The Slovak government has decided to retire to a consortium led by Bouygues a road construction project of $ 3.3 billion through a public-private partnership announced Thursday, Slovak Minister of Transport, Jan Figel.

Venezuela will pay approximately $ 600 million (468 million euros) in Casino and other shareholders of the supermarket chain Exito nationalized in January, said Thursday in President Hugo Chavez.

Vinci said on Thursday the acquisition by its subsidiary of Vinci Park UK Meteor Parking which achieves annual turnover of approximately 50 million pounds (60 million euros), enabling it to become number four in the sector United Kingdom.

LVMH: A court decision is expected this Friday on an appeal by eBay, convicted in 2008 for dissemination and distribution of counterfeit perfume off approved.

Danone launched into the restoration. The world leader in dairy products has launched two bars to yoghurt Madrid airport. In these Yoghourteria, Activia is eaten fresh or frozen, with fruit, cereal or chocolate chips. In Barcelona, the first Yoghourteria, inaugurated in April 2009, now offers the takeaways of yogurt, some flavors not found elsewhere. "We could expand to other cities such Activia yogurt bars," says Le Figaro Franck Riboud, Danone's boss.

As Danone, all food manufacturers are looking for growth opportunities in France, outside of supermarkets."In a context of sluggish food consumption, and given a power imbalance with retailers, they have an interest in exploring alternatives to the supermarket," says Isabelle Senand, a researcher at Xerfi, who recently published a study on the subject. For big brands, there is certainly no question of leaving the signs. In France, all to carry between three quarters and all of their turnover. But every incentive for manufacturers, who complain of increasing pressure from central purchasing, attempting to find other ways to market their products. When they are not definitively rule out shelves, brands are now forced to reduce their range. Worse, they suffer from the growing rays taken in by labels.

All manufacturers secretly dream of repeating the feat of Nestlé.For Nespresso exclusively sold in the shops of the brand and the Internet, the global leader in agriculture and food industry spends large distributors. But the opening of a network of shops is very expensive and only profitable after many years. This is the strategy chosen by Häagen-Dazs, whose 75 stores generated one third of the 100 million euros turnover in France. They are the face of the glacier. Similarly, the two shops Mesh (Unilever) opened in 1996 is a must destination for Japanese and American.

Relations more civilized

Fortunately, other networks allow more affordable to achieve good profitability quickly. By selling their products in movie theaters or amusement parks, manufacturers highlight their brands in places meaningful.It's good for their image … and more and more each year for sales.

By putting the accelerator on such distribution channels, plus vending machines, food shops (bakeries, butchers) or gas stations, brands stick to the consumption boom and the nomadic power between meals. "As we sell products of impulse are not on the shopping list to the supermarket, we need to be closer to the consumer, explains it with Mars, which makes France the three quarters of its sales in GMS. We constantly strive to develop our distribution channels. "The group, which has created a department dedicated to these new tracks, this is for three years at McDonald's.

In the alternative networks, competition is always tough, but relations with the distributor are far more civilized.Dedicated sales force to negotiate access to these outlets. They often through intermediaries, wholesalers and others who scrape a portion of the margins, or respond to calls for tenders is fiercest. At Coca-Cola France, 350 people are dedicated to independent outlets, while sales managers negotiate with national customers such as cinemas, sports clubs, chains of bakeries. "It is profitable, but require significant investment, says a close group.With so many commercials for supermarkets, Coca-Cola carries half of sales. "

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Another game backstage: buy cheap to sell cheaper

New legislative victory for Obama

Obama can now enact this historic piece to prevent another financial crisis and economic such as the United States had known in autumn 2008.

"Today the Senate will take action and send the bill on the president's office, so that the country can finally feel the effects of reform on which we have discussed for so many months," said Thursday Senator Chris Dodd, one of the main authors of the text with the Representative Barney Frank.

The text of over 2300 pages of the law "Dodd-Frank", aims to extend regulatory control over whole sectors of finance, which escaped him.It thus provides for the creation of a consumer of financial products within the central bank and it prevents the rescue of large financial institutions at taxpayers' expense.

For regulators play now

Among other measures leading text include a provision for better control of the vast market of derivatives traded over the counter, these tools have been speculative in the heart of the recent financial crisis in the United States instant credit reports.The text finally contains a measure dubbed the "rule of Volcker," the name of Barack Obama's economic adviser, Paul Volcker, whose idea is to encourage commercial banks to focus on their lending activities and take fewer risks .

While most Democrats have supported this project, the Republicans have signaled their opposition to the text, notably in that it gives too much power to regulators who failed to prevent the recent financial crisis.

The Chairman of the Central Bank of the United States, Ben Bernanke on Thursday hailed an "important step" with the vote by the Senate of legislation to reform financial regulation, which gives them considerable powers of oversight at the institution.

The ball is now in the hands of regulators. "We will pay with meticulous application and our responsibilities under the new law," promises Ben Bernanke.Legislation passed by the Senate because the Fed responsible for regulating all major financial institutions in the country, more than 50 billion dollars in assets.

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The merger between Iberia and British Airways which will see shareholders of British Airways take 55% of the new group should be completed by the end of the year.It is subject to approval by shareholders of both companies, who need to vote at general meetings scheduled for November.

The two companies will consolidate into a new holding company, which will be named Consolidated Airlines International Group SA, or International Airlines Group for short, and will be listed in London and Madrid.However, the two companies continue to operate independently and continue to operate under their existing brands.

Yes also for the alliance Iberia / BA / American Airlines

One remaining obstacles to the merger had been raised when Brritish Airways announced it had reached an agreement to cover the deficit of 3.7 billion pounds (4.4 billion euros) of its pension scheme.

The European Commission also approved the alliance as British Airways, Iberia and American Airlines want to build on the model of what makes Air France-KLM and Delta, recently associated with Alitalia."Today's decision will allow airlines to set up the transatlantic alliance to which they aspired for a long while allowing some 2.5 million passengers between London and New York as well as other relevant routes of continue to enjoy a range of frequencies and competitive prices, "commented Commissioner Joaquin Almunia competition.

"The world economy is recovering gradually. The recovery and rebound of the Chinese economy is increasingly confirmed, leading to greater economic stability, "argued the central bank in a statement published in English on its website. "It is therefore advisable to take the reform of RMB exchange rate."

Since summer 2008, the yuan has remained stuck at around 6.83 against the dollar, fluctuating within a very narrow margin vis-à-vis the greenback.A contentious issue between China and its trading partners, most notably the United States, who believe that the yuan is undervalued, allowing Beijing to sell its products for export at very competitive prices.

In a letter to heads of State and Government of the G20 on Friday, President Barack Obama had given the record of the yuan on the table, a reference to it. "I also want to stress that exchange rates determined by the market are essential to global economic vitality," he wrote in his letter.

China has always rejected international pressure. The Deputy Foreign Minister, Cui, had also insisted on Friday that the issue of the yuan would not be up for discussion G20 payday loan companies. "The renminbi is the currency of China.This is not something that the international community needs to discuss, "he told a joint press conference with Zhang Tao, head of international department of the Central Bank.

A move immediately welcomed

Announcing this on Saturday continued reform of the yuan, the central bank has focused on "China's efforts to encourage a global rebalancing. The institution has admitted that the "special policy" introduced by Beijing in the heart of the global financial crisis had perhaps more reason to be in a context of economic recovery, but recalled however that "the stability of the yuan has played a major role in mitigating the impact of the crisis, which has contributed significantly to the recovery in Asia and the world.On the other hand, the central bank has insisted that the gradual return to a flexible exchange rate of the currency does not mean "great changes or major changes, namely a re-evaluation.

The gesture was appreciated nonetheless. Timothy Geithner, U.S. Treasury Secretary, said in a statement that the reform of the yuan could make a "positive contribution" to global growth. "We welcome the decision by China to strengthen the flexibility of its exchange rate," he said. The Director General of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Dominique Strauss-Kahn also found that Beijing's decision was "very encouraging".

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"Like the problems in the euro area caused by Greece, there is a risk of collapse if we do nothing against the rising public debt and consequently lose the confidence of bond markets," Has he said. Japan's debt exceeds 200% because of GDP (gross domestic product) and threatens to reach 246% in 2014, according to the IMF.

In reality, there is no chance that the archipelago is found in the situation in Athens, since this debt is 95% owned by Nippon investors and long-term rates remain very low, but feared the reaction of Tokyo rating agencies.Last January, Standard and Poor's downgraded the rating of its long-term debt from "stable" to "negative".

Naoto Kan, who can count on the support of 61.5% of the population, according to a poll conducted Wednesday, draws a line over ten years of economic policy that has led the country to choke.

He wants to go fast and run a complete overhaul of the tax system by initiating a national debate beyond partisan barriers "to ensure the support of the opposition. The economic recovery of the archipelago, with an annualized growth of 5% in the first quarter, giving him the means.

Deflationary

But this reform is likely to be painful because it requires an increase in VAT, currently at 5%, one of the lowest in developed countries. Can not kill it in the bud the recovery of consumer confidence recorded in five months? "I do not think so.The VAT could double, but that should not weigh. When households are too indebted state, they are slowing their purchases. If they have a visibility they consume more, "said one investment banker in Tokyo. He added that such measures can help break the spiral of deflation, which, "by dint expect further declines in prices affects consumption."

The government, which wants to reduce unnecessary government spending, is preparing in parallel to reduce the corporate tax, which at 40%, is one of the highest of OECD countries. This would allow companies to offer cheaper products, thereby reducing the impact of the tax increase on consumption.

"It's courageous," says a French financial analyst living in Japan.And Naoto Kan, for once, can rely with confidence on the new Minister of Finance, Yoshihiko Noda, firm believer in fiscal discipline.

Only downside, the prime minister can not deny the social promises made during the campaign of his party. But they are expensive. The only allowance for children continuing their studies, launched in the spring and intended to fight against the declining birth rate, represents 45 billion euros per year. And the Minister of Social Affairs, Akira Nagatsuma suggests it could take another form as a cash payment to families. But "when we preach the rigor of educational way, the Japanese understand perfectly," decide the investment banker, who took the gamble that the revolution Kan prevail.

Last month, the number of unemployed has increased by "only" 0.1% and the Prime Minister said that the unemployment curve "should be reversed" this year.

In this context, the pessimism fades frames. They are more than 23% against 28% a month earlier, suggests that the number of unemployed would "increase significantly" in the coming months. It's the same for the outlook for living standards. The frames provide a breakdown is no longer the majority (45% against 51% in February).

Occupational mobility

Moreover, two important indicators, as forming part of life, experiencing a frank improvement. Thus, 25% of executives (+ 7 points) believe that opportunities to advance their careers in the coming months "will be important" and 18% (+5 points) than their financial situation "will improve" easy payday loans.

Regional elections have also played a role in improving the morale of white-collar. "Their result has reassured the French left's ability to register their camp in a dynamic of conquest of power and those on the right on the determination of the President of the Republic to maintain focus and to pursue reforms, with the exception of the carbon tax, "said Francois Miquet-Marty.Asked about the place and role of higher education, executives claim, massively, more money for it. Eight out of ten consider, in fact, that France "does not invest enough" in this teaching.

On effectiveness, their opinion is also positive. Seven in ten "confidence" in higher education to deliver a broad general education and a narrow majority (52%), they also make it "trust" to prepare young people for the job.

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The logistics depot would employ 15 people, training centers and technical assistance in refining approximately 225. Employees will be offered 80 positions in other refineries, 30 positions in other structures of Total in France and 20 employees will be granted "for early career.

The proposed closure of the Dunkirk refinery is the source of the national strike in late February that poses the threat of a shortage of fuel.The refinery has 370 direct employees and 400 to 450 employees subcontractors.

Total promised to each employee in the establishment of Flanders' work at Total matching skills. Another promise: "no closure or sale" of French refineries will happen within five years.

Substitution project

Before the start of the meeting, Total has confirmed its participation in the construction of an LNG terminal by EDF in the port of Dunkirk. The agreement provides for "an equity Total capital 'of society, Dunkerque LNG, a subsidiary of EDF responsible for the construction of this terminal will terminal.Ce regasification capacity of between 10 and 13 billion cubic meters per year. The decision regarding its actual construction will be taken before the summer and could be put into service in 2014.It remains "conditioned on obtaining all regulatory approvals and the completion of commercial procedures and tenders for construction."

This project would mobilize up to 1,200 people during construction "and could generate" at least fifty direct jobs, which should add about 150 jobs indirectly "in the operating phase out the two groups. The Industry Minister Christian Estrosi had rightly warned that the Dunkirk refinery would reopen if there was "no real alternative project" to maintaining employment.

But this news should not necessarily good news for employees. The CGT and Sud believe that this project is too distant and "inadequate" to compensate for job losses.For 12 hours, the employees of Dunkirk appear before a seat of Total Defense.

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