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Barely more than one agent in two has passed. Participation in professional elections in state civil service fell 51% against 70% in previous elections. This dip can be explained by the Ministry of Education (more than half of voters), where the number of voters has plummeted to 38.5%. Participation has also maintained or slightly increased.

Several unions of education have questioned the electronic voting used for the first time. Besides errors "classic" in sending the professions of faith or the constitution of electoral lists – that private voting some candidates! – Bugs, especially complex and lengthy procedures have discouraged or computer agents prevented some from voting.The FSU, crumbling a bit, but still by far in the lead for Education (40.6%, double the UNSA and three times the CFDT and FOR), the judge "malfunctions" so many they constitute a "denial of social democracy." According to the CGT, "for 10% of the workforce, the conditions were not met in order to vote." Tens of thousands of voters have not received the code allowing them to vote.

Demobilization

"The elections were conducted generally without real difficulty," scans the Minister of Public Service, citing the use of "modern" and "environmentally responsible". François Sauvadet "rejects the word" failed ". Participation is also the result of the decision of each agent to vote or not. " The officers had "one week to decide," says one colleague in Education, Luc Chatel.Favor of electronic voting and … up, the CFDT and Unsa also note that if teachers are not mobilized, principals or administrative officers of Education have been more involved, as postal workers, while they also voted on the Internet. The vote for the first time, contract – which the unions have not always paid great attention – may also explain the poor performance against.

Mechanical consequence of the demobilization of troops of Education, FSU – so far the first union of all the public service of this state, but almost exclusively among teachers – see the gap is closing with its competitors.It drops to 20.9% of the votes (19.1% including private school teachers under contract, for the first time integrated into the social dialogue bodies of the state).

The reformists up

His pursuers, rather than reformist protesters, progress: FOR 17.8% (16.2% with private school teachers), the UNSA with 16.7% (15.3%), with 12.6% CFDT (14.5%). Then come the CGT with 13.4% (12.8%), Partners with 6.5% (6.2%), CFE-CGC with 6.3% (5.8%) and the CFTC with 1, 6% (3.9%). FO heels and the FSU and even seems able to catch up. However, the CFTC could disappear from the list of allowed unions to negotiate and sign agreements for all the officials, failing sufficient score.

But these results should be taken with a grain of salt: more than 300 000 registered agents are still missing the call, about 2 million.Are integrated nor France Telecom nor the Department of Justice, who will vote Nov. 22. In the first case, it was always intended, in the second the vote was postponed at the last minute because they have been properly prepared.

They do not include either the results of the Ministries of Economy and Budget, who had not finished stripping, yesterday afternoon. What added a little more sense of improvisation and confusion. At some point – even among union leaders – questioned whether Bercy did not take pleasure in soap the plank at the Department of Civil Service, at the forefront of this election. In the week already, as the "flop" of participation seemed to indicate the climate was tense between 101 and 110 rue de Grenelle – seat of the Ministry of Public Service and that of the National Education.

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If seeking for a low cost payday loan make sure to compare terms and repayment plans from various payday loan lenders online.

Shale gas are not likely to be exploited in France. This was decided by the government, according to our information, is about to repeal the three exploration permits in possession of the American Schuepbach respectively (in the Ardèche and the Larzac) and French Total (near Montelimar) . The decision should be formalized at the start of next week. It comes close a file full of controversy.

Under the legislation July 13 that prohibits the controversial technique of hydraulic fracturing to exploit shale gas, licensees had to put the government in September a report in which they detail their exploration techniques. Sixty-four reports have been well reviewed by the Directorate General for Energy and Climate (DGEC).Most relate to conventional deposits and are not a problem.

In its report, stressed Schuepbach did not give up hydraulic fracturing, considered the only available technique to extract oil trapped in narrow fissures of shale payday loan. The operator is therefore logical to withdraw his license by the government.

However, Total indicated on September 12 to do without this process. "We do not take for granted the release of Total, we will use the report" had then told the BBC the Minister for Ecology Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet. According to a source familiar with the matter, the experts found the report of the French group in accordance with law. Unless last-minute turnaround, it was not enough to prevent the decision to revoke the license of Montelimar."Nobody would have understood that we the American differences and not the French," said an industry expert.

All on a diet! Insurance companies to banks, asset sales affecting the entire financial sphere. So after Groupama, Societe Generale, BNP Paribas and Credit Agricole is now the turn of Axa confirmed the reduction of its balance sheet in order to cope with the crisis.

The French insurer has confirmed the sale of its subsidiary's equity division, widely reported in the press. "The purpose of this review, which could lead to a transaction or not, is to explore strategic options for the participation in the group Axa Axa Private Equity," the insurer said in a statement easy to get unsecured personal loans.

And pretenders abound. According to The Tribune on Thursday, the group would be interested Eurazeo.The U.S. Carlyle and KKR would also have views of the largest private equity fund French.

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There was a time when, in the provincial lotteries, it earned only an alarm clock, a bottle of wine or a pig … Since then, cars and sunny vacations have become more valuable lots. Carrefour decided to go much further escalation in the promotion that leads its competitors.

To bring the house down, the dealer puts in. .. Phoenix house worth up to 240,000 euros. Even better, the winner will also receive a check for 70,000 euros to help it acquire the land at the place of his choice. To be housed for life by Carrefour, just shopping in one of the hypermarkets of the sign. At checkout, you get a scratch ticket. It should then save the code on the site Carrefour.fr.The draw will take place October 31.

To attract as many customers as possible in its hypermarkets, Carrefour promises that the value of the jackpot will increase the number of participants small personal loans. If they are few, it will be a modest house of 82 square meters, valued at 150,000 euros. But if the lottery wins the success hoped for, it will be an opulent house of 132 square meters, estimated at 240,000 euros.

Never in Leclerc and Auchan

With this operation, the successor to back promotions and wine fair, the retailer hopes to make its customers wait until November. To fulfill its stores, Carrefour will then be discounted to Christmas, with many offers for meals and gifts.

The winner of the lottery the moment will have to wait 2012 to celebrate the holidays in his house Carrefour, surrounded or not by products from the distributor.But the brand hopes that the proud owner never will buy at Auchan or Leclerc, and that he will remain faithful.

Veronique Cayla, President of Arte since last January, is working to redress the Franco-German channel.

LE FIGARO. – Are you worried hearings lower than for DTT channels?

Veronique Cayla. – Arte was affected later by the arrival of DTT. It was only in 2009 that the audience began to drop out. Until then, the evening of Arte has remained at around 3% audience share and, earlier this year, we went down to 1.8% and 1.5% in the evening on the entire day. As France 5, the transition to DTT implies, moreover, Arte for the transition to broadcast 24 hours 24. While the chain of France Televisions significantly increased its investment in programs, Arte spent only 5 million per year to its schedule of the day, offering viewers between 5:00 and 7:01 p.m. showcase particularly poor.Most of the budgetary effort focused on the distribution costs which increased by 46% between 2007 and 2011.

Our new contract with the state gives us a public grant of 270 million euros in 2012, an increase of 7.3% over 2011. The entire increase will be allocated to programs. In return, we will, over the next five years to reverse the curve of the hearing and to win back viewers. I believe that today, no historical chain would risk such a commitment!

The group Arte has a budget of more than 400 million euros (250 million for France). Is it normal in view of its audience?

Arte is a chain serving the Franco-German broadcast in both countries and whose mission is to produce works (fiction, documentaries, films, live shows …). Which necessarily more expensive.In addition, because of bilingualism, Arte can not be a TV stream as simultaneous translation is simply unbearable for viewers.

Your audience is close to 60 years. What will you do to rejuvenate?

There is no question of rejuvenating the audience but to expand it. We find in fact that the same programs that are viewed on our antenna by more than 55 years seduce our site arte.tv 40 years. In other words, these are not programs that age the hearing but the media. I hope so much courage to all those whose strategy based on a rejuvenation of their audience on television! With Arte, we believe that if we suffered on TNT, Internet will save us.

As for the grid, we will work by step, our goal this year is the access to work and then we will address the day gradually up towards midday.

What are the developments on the Internet?

Arte has always been way ahead of the Internet, as evidenced also the success of Arte + 7, our catch-up TV, Arte Live Web, our platform for concerts and live performances, and Arte Creative devoted to art. Today, viewers may find this offer via mobile applications. We will amplify this group policy by continuing to create specific content for the Web. The recent history proves audiovisual Arte must not remain isolated but create a "group" around its antenna.We plan to create three other platforms that could be spent, for example, environment, film and history.

In 2012 and 2013, we will focus on the production of hybrid programs that can be broadcast in television and declined at the same time on the Internet. So we will keep our lead on the connected TV is a blessing to us! It will enable us to attract a wider audience in television and offer a more demanding public and sharp versions of these programs, all on the same screen. At the same time, we will work to relinéarisation part of our program digital platforms to allow viewers to create their own channels Web2.0.

Some accuse you of being more a chain of discovery.What do you say?

Given the history of the chain, it was normal to do work of historical reconciliation between our two countries. That's why the story has long been the focus of programming Arte. Today, there is no reason not to add more in this chain. We must look at the world. Otherwise, Arte no sense in relation to public expectations. The discovery programs are quite a place on Arte.

While the euro was more resilient to the debt crisis since the beginning of the year, the European currency on Monday found the lowest level since mid-February against the dollar, under $ 1.36, and for ten years against the yen. Around 10 am (Paris time), the euro was quoted at 104.23 yen against 105.92 yen Friday and 1.3562 dollars against 1.3651 on weekends.

But more than the strength of the euro is the weakness of the dollar that kept so far the exchange rate high. Since Friday and the arrival of a new wave of panic on the stock exchanges in Europe and America, the single currency is strong baisse.Si we consider the last two sessions, the euro lost 4.69 % relative to the yen and 3.83% vis-à-vis the greenback.

"There are more ways to save Greece"

The explanation is simple: "Investors act a failure of Greece, says Andrea Tueni, an analyst at Saxo Bank.With the statements of German officials to prepare a plan to deal with a lack of Greece, they have the impression that Germany surrendered and there are more solutions to avoid bankruptcy in Greece. Europe seems to think more to save its banks. " In other words, to avoid a contagion effect to Spain or Italy. "The situation is serious and everyone is wondering how this will end," said an analyst in the currency market. New economies announced Sunday by Greece have not reassured the markets.

After flirting with $ 1.40 in recent weeks, the euro plunged below $ 1.36.

Despite zero growth in the second quarter, the French economy continues to create jobs, but at a slower pace. Payroll employment grew by 0.2% in the second quarter, according to INSEE and employment center, and 0.3%, according to ACOSS. This low growth follows the sharp rise in the previous quarter (0.3% employment center, and even 0.5% or INSEE ACOSS).

Depending on whether one considers the figures released by the three institutions, which use slightly different methods of calculation but that publish their data at the same time Thursday morning, it was 33,000 to 55,000 jobs were created during the second quarter . The French economy finds a job creation rate closer to that of 2010.

Fewer jobs created in the tertiary sector, the most promising

The tertiary sector is once again benefiting the most from this dynamic.By itself, it carries the bulk of net job creations. Payroll employment rose to 0.3% (0.4% according to ACOSS), although note that INSEE has created half the jobs in the previous quarter (69,200 to 32,100 jobs against first quarter) fast cash advance loan.

Employment in industry also continues to stabilize. After ten years of bleeding, loss of this sector had continued to widen in the first quarter. Again, the industry recorded a near-stability of its workforce, with 300 stations destroyed in the second quarter as employment center, a flat evolution, also observed by ACOSS. Perhaps a sign that the adjustment of long-term employment in the sector is nearing its end.

Finally, the interim, a leading indicator of employment, is down sharply, however. After two years of steady increase, temporary employment drops to 0.5% over the quarter.A change in both positive and negative, in part due to a higher reactivity of the interim depressed economic conditions, and another part in more sustainable employment creation by firms.

The CAC 40 plunges into the red Monday. The benchmark index of the Paris Stock Exchange, which closed Friday on the day of a severe fall of 3.6%, falling more than 4.73% to close below 3000 points to 2999.54 points, after a opened down 2.41% to 3072.51 points. The movement is the same in the rest of Europe in London, the FTSE-100 index lost 3.58%, in Frankfurt the Dax was down 3.94%. Madrid and Milan unleash respectively 3.38% and 3.97%.

The health of European banks up to the center of attention. The President of the French Banking Federation (FBF), François Perol, recognizes this Monday, in an interview with Les Echos, that if "bank liquidity in euro is not a problem," "the dollar is more refinancing tense. "Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund, Christine Lagarde, in turn repeats, in an interview published Monday in Germany, criticized the request of a European bank recapitalization. "We think in general it is necessary to recapitalize European banks so that they are strong enough to withstand the risks associated with the debt crisis and low growth," she told the weekly Der Spiegel.

The chief executive of Deutsche Bank, Josef Ackermann, in turn, poured oil on the fire by saying that some European banks would not survive if they were to reassess the sovereign debt of their accounts at market price.Recapitalization forced the European banking sector could in turn send the wrong signal to markets, in this case the loss of faith on the part of authorities in the ability of measures to succeed, however, said Josef Ackermann .

Societe Generale lost 8.75% to 20.25 euros (largest decrease in the ACC). The bank is also penalized by the U.S. federal agency oversight of mortgage that has filed a complaint Friday against 17 major international financial institutions which include the French bank, for a total loss of $ 41 billion in bonds linked to subprime .

In its wake, BNP Paribas lost 7.33% to 30.97 euros, Crédit Agricole 6.22% to 5.80 euros and 4.85% at Axa 10.01 euros. Natixis lost 5.05% to 2.57 euros.The aerospace equipment Safran (-2.78% to 26.25 euros) will make its entry into the CAC 40 index, while the bank Natixis is about to leave, said Friday the Scientific Council of the indices of NYSE Euronext. The changes take effect Sept. 19.

Bad signals on growth

In addition to banking problems, the first global economy has fueled fears of a global slowdown by announcing Friday it had no jobs created in August. Following this announcement, Wall Street closed on a sharp drop of more than 2%. U.S. markets will do on Monday with European stock any procedure they will remain closed for Labor Day (Labor Day observed every first Monday of September)."Wall Street remains closed doors, it seems unlikely that operators take the slightest risk," said Chris Weston, an analyst at IG Markets.

In China, HSBC index of purchasing managers in the Chinese sector services slowed to an unprecedented low in August. Seasonally adjusted and calculated by the Institute Markit, it fell to 50.6 after 53.5 in July

No other indicator may move the indices are expected on Monday. One highlight of the week will be the release of the Beige Book Fed on Wednesday night, which will be the summary of economic conditions in regions in the United States payday loans direct lenders.

No recession expected in Europe

The side of the euro area, European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso, has tried to reassure investors.Traveling in Australia, he said that the European economy would experience in the coming months a "moderate growth" without going into recession. "We do not anticipate a recession in Europe. The latest forecasts from the European Commission show that the growth will be at the meeting, although this growth will be moderate, it is true, "he said in Sydney.

Markit, the company that carries out the PMI, however, said on Monday that growth in private activity in the euro area slowed more than expected in August, falling to its lowest level in two years, reinforcing fears of a return to recession by the end of 2011. The composite index, which summarizes the activity in the service sector and manufacturing fell to 50.7 points against 51.1 points in July, according to a second estimate.

For his part, Jean-Claude Trichet, president of the European Central Bank said it is "imperative" to implement the decisions taken by Heads of State and Government of the euro zone in July to resolve the debt crisis.

The euro fell to 1.4127 dollars, its lowest level in three weeks. For their part, oil prices were down in electronic trading in Asia, depressed by the poor figures on employment in the United States. A barrel of "light sweet crude" for delivery in October lost 59 cents to 85.86 dollars per barrel of Brent North Sea crude for October delivery 74 cents to 111.59 dollars.Saft takes off

EDF: -2.77% to 20.37 euros

The Italian Minister of Industry, Paolo Romani, said Sunday he would meet Monday Proglio about the power company Edison.

ArcelorMittal: -4.67% to 13.46 euros

Peabody Energy and ArcelorMittal announced Monday it had extended until September 27, the period during which the short bid for $ 5 billion (3.53 billion euros) on the Australian Macarthur Coal.

Zodiac: -1.94% to 54.05 euros

The group said it had completed the acquisition of the American Heath Tecna and have reached an agreement with its banks to raise 300 million euros the amount of an existing credit line.

Schneider Electric: -6.01% to 41.35 euros

The French government intervened with the company to freeze a plan for the removal of one.000 temporary positions, the daily Liberation in its Monday edition, but the group has firmly denied to AFP such a plan.

Saft: 4.81% to 22.87 euros (largest increase in the SBF 120)

The American automotive supplier Johnson Controls will pay $ 145 million (102 million euros) to the French specialist in batteries as part of an amicable agreement ending their joint venture in the automotive industry, announced Friday the two groups in a joint statement.

Alstom: -5.16% to 29.21 euros

The group signed a 66 million euros with Iraq to build a power plant in the province of Nineveh in the north, said the Iraqi Minister of Electricity.

France Telecom: -1.67% to 12.36 euros

TPSA its Polish subsidiary has announced to contest the fine of 128 million euros that inflicted the European Commission.

After market, environment and Dried Assystem unveil their first-half results.

The Department of Defense is mobilizing to help reduce public spending. Authorized since 2004 to sign agreements of public-private partnership (PPP), the military have a growing use, like other state services.

The Air Force is leading. It announced yesterday the award of the contract to upgrade its computer networks and communications in a pool of companies led by Alcatel-Lucent. This contract runs on sixteen for a value of 350 million euros, the amount of royalties to be paid by the Air Force over the period. The state expects "tens of millions of euros in savings" through the pooling of engineering resources used on other projects as well as the speed of network deployment."Without the PPP, we would never have as quickly renovate and take advantage of new technologies," says Marc Leclere, director of central purchasing in the Directorate General for Armaments (DGA).

Financial arrangements entrusted to the Caisse des Depots

PPP is the second signed by the DGA and the first for the Air Force. The yard is huge. This is to equip a hundred bases, to wire several hundred buildings and installing 36,000 "access points" (for computer, telephone or system) to build high speed, with the latest fiber optic generation, the future "Internet protocol network service" of the Air Force (Air-RDIP). The construction should start in the coming days with commissioning of the first "positions" equipped end of 2012. The deployment should be completed in 2014. Alcatel-Lucent's partner INEO, an infrastructure specialist defense techniques.

As for the financial package, it is entrusted to the Caisse des depots associated with the Luxembourg investment funds SEIEF. The pool of partners committed to cede 10% of contracts outsourced to SMEs and to provide reclassifications to hundreds of military and civilian personnel involved. Alcatel-Lucent will assume management and maintenance of networks of Air Force with the requirement, half-life of RDIP-Air, an "update" so that it benefits from technological developments.

All of the information flow internal air bases including allowing the Air Force to conduct its missions – such as surveillance of airspace – will therefore be outsourced. The information will be protected and secured through five levels of privacy from the most basic to the "secret NATO" and "confidential defense".Alcatel-Lucent is also committed to service quality (availability and reliability) together with a penalty system if necessary. The operation could RDIP-Air School with the Navy and the Army in time, although for now the two armies have computer networks and communications referred to as "suitable."

Three sectors where the state says its operations in private

1. The defense pointed

The Army had the ball rolling in 2008 benefiting from the first PPP contract signed by the DGA. Specifically, with the company DCI has taken over the management of flight hours and the helicopter fleet of the School of Dax which trains pilots of the French armies.

The contract worth 400 million euros spread over twenty-two years. It must allow a saving of 600 million euros.But the PPP's most famous landmark is undoubtedly the contract of 3 free 3-in-1 credit report.5 billion euros, signed in early June, with Bouygues to build the "Pentagon in French" (pictured) at Balard. In 2014, 10,000 military and civilian staffs of the three armies and the DGA have to regroup. The PPP is not always the rule to outsource activities and services where military competence is not necessary. After the lawn or airport maintenance (based Cognac), the Ministry of Defence had retained in 2006 the American GE Fleet Services to manage its fleet, more than 20,000 commercial vehicles. With, in sight, a savings of 25% on an annual budget of 90 million.

2. Transportation and Maintenance

Bikers of the gendarmerie and the police accompanying the convoy will soon be a thing of the past exceptional.The state decided to entrust to private companies the management of transportation of wind turbines, ships and other bulky goods. Effective November 1, this measure is indicative of the willingness of departments to focus on their core missions. This is the philosophy of the modernization of the state launched since 2007. The functions called "media" such as purchasing, information technology, are among the first to be restructured. "We look first at the pool," says one at Bercy. A purchasing department of the State, which oversees the current purchases of government departments, has been created. The state also uses outsourcing. No more garages in the ministries: the management of their 72,000 vehicles will be performed by private companies at the end of the year. Caretaking, cleaning, heavy lifting, the reception is already provided by the private staff at Bercy.This is also true at the Musée du quai Branly. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, he, a single private provider for the maintenance of its buildings in Paris. The government can also go further, by giving public-private partnership in the management and construction of prisons.

3. Public enterprises

Public companies, subject to increasing competition, should ensure the public service closer to the citizens without increasing their operating costs. It is the object, including the action plan for rural areas launched last year. The plan includes for example the Post Office launches 17,000 "contact points", mainly in shops run by individuals. In this way, 90% of French people will have access to a courier service within 5 kilometers.For their part, the old disused railway stations could be reused to pool several services in one place: social security office, ticket sales SNCF, EDF payment services. The state is full of ideas. Left to ogle the side of the private sector. The opening to competition of regional express trains (pictured) could well tip the railway in the private sector. It is expected that a "social framework harmonized" be defined so that they retain their current benefits. The Elysee confirmed in an engagement letter to the President of the SNCF. And Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet, the responsible minister of the SNCF, was asked last June that the negotiations between social partners are committed as soon as possible. These issues should be addressed in the coming weeks as part of Focus on the rail.

World famous for its underground parking, Vinci Park would become better known in Moscow. According to the Russian business daily Vedomosti, the group, in collaboration with its partner, the billionaire Arkadi Rotenberg, a close associate of Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has offered his services for the construction of parking in the center of the capital, and extension Moscow metro.

These two proposals, which, according to officials in Moscow, are currently before the town hall. For now, the company manages parking only international airport Sheremetyevo in the north-west of Moscow. But she wants to continue to grow in the country. "Russia is one of our objectives clearly displayed.(..) We have a desire to develop ourselves in this country where the need for parking facilities are very important, "said a spokesman for Vinci, who declined to give further details on the subject.

Demand exceeds supply

Several years ago, the giant French had already proposed to invest $ 300 million (210 million) in the construction of underground parking near subway stations and in the central arteries of the capital (Tverskaya, Lubyanka). "But officials do not have their assigned sites in places as important," the newspaper said. Same for the metro, which is of interest, "which are under state protection."

Previously, the city financed the construction of car parks and subway lines with its budget without resorting to foreign investors.But today, the ability of Russian manufacturers is not enough to complete all projects planned by the city of Moscow. Therefore Vinci "has all these opportunities" to participate in construction programs, the officials commented.

Of large projects

By five years, the mayor of the Russian capital plans to create nearly 2 million parking spaces, and has already launched tenders for the construction of seven parking spaces for a total of 1520 seats. "A place so close to cost 200,000 rubles (500 euros) and will be more beneficial if an investor takes over the construction of a network," says the director of the Department of Antimonopoly Policy of Moscow Gennady Degtev.

As for the extension of twelve subway lines, the mayor of Moscow also has gigantic projects.The plan to build 14 stations expected to open within two years and opening 75 km of new lines paydayloans. To do this, it provides 343 billion rubles (8.5 billion euros) in its budget between 2012 and 2014.

Possible support for Putin

Through collaboration with the contractor Arkadi Rotenberg, Vinci won the 2009 tender to build the first section of the highway Moscow-Saint Petersburg, whose total cost is estimated at 66.081 billion rubles ( 1.65 billion). According to a former official of the Moscow mayor, support Rotenberg, close to Putin, will once again allow the French company won the contract.

The group Vinci has extensive experience in the construction of car parks in the world.He also participated in numerous construction projects in the metro French cities (Paris, Rennes) and abroad (Budapest, Athens, Hong Kong). However, analysts said, one of the main handicaps of Vinci, the lack of experience on the Russian market. And this handicap could be considered by the Russians during the bidding process. Vedomosti also states that the manufacturer Austrian Strabag also plans to get into the race for the extension of the Moscow metro.

The construction of the highway Moscow-Saint Petersburg is controversial

In July 2009, the Russian Federal Agency Rosavtodor decided to entrust the construction of the first section of the highway Moscow-Saint Petersburg (15th to 58th km) to the North-West Concession Company (NWCC), as part of a public-private project.This company is owned 50% by the French Vinci, the remaining capital is shared between the contractor and the fund Arkadi Rotenberg "N-trans." The construction should also be done with funds from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the funds of Russian banks VEB and Sberbank. Investors in the NWCC received in exchange for the right to operate the highway for 30 years. But the construction project, which started in 2010, has generated considerable controversy among associations of environmental protection because the route of the highway, which passes through a protected forest. Work has been frozen by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in August 2010 and were resumed in April 2011. After the withdrawal of the EBRD and the EIB, the group Vinci is the only Western participant in this project.